TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Thyroid Eye Disease A1 - Singh, Manpreet A1 - Whitfield, Denise A2 - Knoop, Kevin J. A2 - Stack, Lawrence B. A2 - Storrow, Alan B. A2 - Thurman, R. Jason PY - 2021 T2 - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e AB - Thyroid eye disease (TED) is typically seen in individuals with Graves disease, but also is found in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Similar to conjunctival icterus, it is a sign of underlying disease that must be explored. TED has many eye signs but is typically characterized by eyelid retractions, lid lag, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging or “bug” eyes (exophthalmos). This is due to the autoimmune process of the disease, where autoantibodies target eye muscle fibroblasts, which change into fat, expand, and become inflamed, leading to manifestations of TED. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181038463 ER -