TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - CAFFEINE A1 - Arens, Ann A1 - Benowitz, Neal L. A2 - Olson, Kent R. A2 - Anderson, Ilene B. A2 - Benowitz, Neal L. A2 - Blanc, Paul D. A2 - Clark, Richard F. A2 - Kearney, Thomas E. A2 - Kim-Katz, Susan Y. A2 - Wu, Alan H. B. PY - 2018 T2 - Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 7e AB - Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive substance. Besides its well-known presence in coffee, tea, colas, and chocolate, it is available in many over-the-counter and prescription oral medications and as injectable caffeine sodium benzoate (occasionally used for neonatal apnea). Caffeine is widely used as an anorectant, a co-analgesic, a diuretic, and a sleep suppressant. Botanical forms of caffeine, including yerba mate, guarana (Paullinia cupana), kola nut (Cola nitida), and green tea extract, are common constituents of "thermogenic" dietary supplements that are widely touted for weight loss and athletic enhancement (see also Herbal and Alternative Products). Caffeine is occasionally combined in tablets with other stimulants, such as MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Although caffeine has a wide therapeutic index and rarely causes serious toxicity, there are many documented cases of accidental, suicidal, and iatrogenic intoxication, some resulting in death. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1174605405 ER -