TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Candidiasis, and Other Fungal Infections A1 - Jameson, J. Larry A1 - Fauci, Anthony S. A1 - Kasper, Dennis L. A1 - Hauser, Stephen L. A1 - Longo, Dan L. A1 - Loscalzo, Joseph PY - 2020 T2 - Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 20e AB - Yeasts (e.g., Candida, Cryptococcus) appear microscopically as round, budding forms; molds (e.g., Aspergillus, Rhizopus) appear as filamentous forms called hyphae; and dimorphic fungi (e.g., Histoplasma) are spherical in tissue but appear as molds in the environment.– Endemic fungi (e.g., Coccidioides) are not part of the normal human microbiota and infect hosts preferentially by inhalation.– Opportunistic fungi (e.g., Candida and Aspergillus) invade the host from normal sites of colonization (e.g., mucous membranes or the GI tract).Definitive diagnosis of any fungal infection requires histopathologic identification of the fungus invading tissue and accompanying evidence of an inflammatory response.– Other tests that detect antigens (e.g., for Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus) or antibody (e.g., for Coccidioides) have different degrees of specificity and sensitivity. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1167065029 ER -