TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Mitral Regurgitation A1 - Bashore, Thomas M. A1 - Granger, Christopher B. A1 - Jackson, Kevin P. A1 - Patel, Manesh R. A2 - Papadakis, Maxine A. A2 - McPhee, Stephen J. A2 - Rabow, Michael W. PY - 2020 T2 - Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020 AB - ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSISMay be asymptomatic for years (or for life).Severe mitral regurgitation may cause left-sided heart failure.Pansystolic murmur at the apex, radiating into the axilla; associated with S3 when regurgitant volume is great.ECG shows LA abnormality or atrial fibrillation and LVH; radiograph shows LA and LV enlargement.For chronic primary mitral regurgitation, surgery is indicated for symptoms or when the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is less than 60% or the echocardiographic LV end-systolic dimension is greater than 4.0 cm.In patients with mitral prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation, earlier surgery is indicated if mitral repair can be performed.Patients with functional mitral regurgitation may improve with biventricular pacing. Some may benefit from surgical intervention or percutaneous repair. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2022/05/17 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1166611223 ER -