TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - The Transplant Patient A1 - Long, Brit A1 - Koyfman, Alex A2 - Tintinalli, Judith E. A2 - Ma, O. John A2 - Yealy, Donald M. A2 - Meckler, Garth D. A2 - Stapczynski, J. Stephan A2 - Cline, David M. A2 - Thomas, Stephen H. PY - 2020 T2 - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e AB - Organ transplantation is growing in frequency, with the first successful kidney transplant in the early 1950s.1,2 As of the beginning of 2013, there were 76,047 active candidates waiting for solid-organ transplants in the United States, with the kidney transplant waitlist being the largest at 57,903 candidates.3 The kidney is the most commonly transplanted organ (58%), followed by liver (21%), heart (8%), lung (5%), pancreas (5%), and, less commonly, combined organ transplants and intestine transplants. Annually, there are approximately 18,000 hematopoietic stem cell transplants in the United States, with about one third of these transplants being allogenic transplants and two thirds being autologous transplants.4 The recent opioid epidemic has produced several challenges for the transplant-awaiting population. The increase in opioid-related deaths has led to an increase in the number of available organs; however, the risk of infection from opioid-related donor organs is slightly higher than from non–opioid substance user donors. The U.S. Public Health Service states that organs obtained from opioid abusers are at slightly increased risk of infection, although recent data suggest these organs can be safely used for transplant. Potential recipients also may suffer from addiction, which is associated with worse outcomes with transplantation.5 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1167031819 ER -