TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Renal Emergencies inĀ Children A1 - Dixon, Andrew A1 - Stauffer, Brandy A2 - Tintinalli, Judith E. A2 - Ma, O. John A2 - Yealy, Donald M. A2 - Meckler, Garth D. A2 - Stapczynski, J. Stephan A2 - Cline, David M. A2 - Thomas, Stephen H. PY - 2020 T2 - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e AB - Acute kidney injury (AKI; previously called acute renal failure) is the sudden loss of renal function necessary to maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance and clear metabolic waste.1,2 AKI is typically manifested by an increase in serum creatinine, although the increase will not necessarily cause the creatinine to be outside the normal range. Use of serum creatinine alone to define AKI, however, is problematic because creatinine is an inaccurate estimate of glomerular filtration rate, it can be removed by dialysis, and variable cutoff values for creatinine have been used in AKI.3 Therefore, the international classification system, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (Table 137-1), is preferred.4,5 The system uses creatinine and urine output criteria and can be applied to both children and adults, minimizing practice variation.2-4 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1166595399 ER -