TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Anesthesia for Surgical Patients A1 - Nizamuddin, Junaid A1 - O’Connor, Michael A2 - Brunicardi, F. Charles A2 - Andersen, Dana K. A2 - Billiar, Timothy R. A2 - Dunn, David L. A2 - Kao, Lillian S. A2 - Hunter, John G. A2 - Matthews, Jeffrey B. A2 - Pollock, Raphael E. PY - 2019 T2 - Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 11e AB - Key Points The discovery of anesthesia was one of the most important advances and has enabled surgery to occupy its fundamental place in medicine. Advances in anesthetic monitoring have made the administration of anesthesia safer than ever. Types of cardiovascular monitors include arterial catheters, central venous and pulmonary artery catheters, and transesophageal echocardiography. A detailed preoperative evaluation should be performed on each patient when circumstances allow, with special attention devoted to functional status. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for preoperative evaluation can guide workup. The American Society of Anesthesiologists has developed specific guidelines for preoperative fasting to mitigate the risk of aspiration of gastric contents; individual patients may need more stringent preoperative fasting periods and/or rapid sequence inductions. The American Society of Anesthesiologists has developed an algorithm for management of the difficult airway. Notably, in patients in whom both intubation and ventilation are impossible, the algorithm calls for placement of a laryngeal mask airway as the next step. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1164321217 ER -