TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Retinoids A1 - Chien, Anna L. A1 - Vahlquist, Anders A1 - Saurat, Jean-Hilaire A1 - Voorhees, John J. A1 - Kang, Sewon A2 - Kang, Sewon A2 - Amagai, Masayuki A2 - Bruckner, Anna L. A2 - Enk, Alexander H. A2 - Margolis, David J. A2 - McMichael, Amy J. A2 - Orringer, Jeffrey S. PY - 2019 T2 - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e AB - AT-A-GLANCEA retinoid is any molecule that by itself or through metabolic conversion binds to and activates retinoic acid receptors.Retinoid receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors.The predominant retinoid receptors in human skin are retinoic acid receptor α (RAR-α), RAR-γ, retinoid X receptor α (RXR-α), and RXR-β. RAR-γ/RXR-α heterodimers bind to retinoic acid–responsive elements and are responsible for retinoid signaling.Clinical use of topical retinoids:Approved indications: acne, psoriasis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, melasma, photoaged skinUnapproved indications with clinical studies supporting benefit: postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and early stretch marksClinical use of oral retinoids:Approved indications: acne, chronic hand eczema, psoriasis, and cutaneous T-cell lymphomaUnapproved indications with clinical studies supporting benefit: pityriasis rubra pilaris, premalignancies, photoaging, ichthyosis, and Darier White diseaseTeratogenicity is the most concerning side effect. Mucocutaneous (cheilitis, xerosis, skin peeling, conjunctivitis) involvements are common, as are reversible abnormal results on laboratory tests (hyperlipidemia, increased liver enzyme levels, and hypothyroidism [bexarotene/alitretinoin]). Musculoskeletal and central nervous system side effects are rare. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/03 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161343391 ER -