TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Melanoma A1 - Hassel, Jessica C. A1 - Enk, Alexander H. A2 - Kang, Sewon A2 - Amagai, Masayuki A2 - Bruckner, Anna L. A2 - Enk, Alexander H. A2 - Margolis, David J. A2 - McMichael, Amy J. A2 - Orringer, Jeffrey S. PY - 2019 T2 - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e AB - AT-A-GLANCERising incidence worldwide in countries with white inhabitants, with highest incidence rates in Australia (35 new cases per year per 100,000 population), followed by North America (21.8 new cases per 100,000 population) and Europe (13.5 new cases per 100,000 population).Risk factors include history of sunburns and/or heavy sun exposure, blue or green eyes, blonde or red hair, fair complexion, >100 typical nevi, any atypical nevi, prior personal or family history of melanoma, or p16 mutation.Mean age of diagnosis is 63 years, with 15% being younger than 45 years.Most common location is the back for men, and lower extremities followed by trunk for women, but can occur anywhere on the skin surface.Features used for melanoma recognition: A (asymmetry), B (border), C (color), D (diameter, >5 mm in most common use), and E (evolution).Follows a highly variable course and represents a heterogeneous disorder; surgically curable if diagnosed and treated in early phase, but potentially lethal with increased risk when diagnosed and treated late.In the last decades, completely new and effective treatment options for metastatic melanoma approved with immunotherapies such as the immune checkpoint blockade (anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 antibodies) and targeted therapies like BRAF/MEK inhibitors leading to a median overall survival of 2 years in stage IV melanoma and the chance for a long-term tumor control. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161336341 ER -