TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Child Maltreatment
A1  - Bernet, William
A2  - Ebert, Michael H.
A2  - Leckman, James F.
A2  - Petrakis, Ismene L.
PY  - 2019
T2  - Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 3e
AB  - ESSENTIALS  OF  DIAGNOSISICD-10  Diagnostic  CriteriaThe  legal  definitions  regarding  child  maltreatment  vary  from  state  to  state.  In  general,  neglect  is  the  failure  to  provide  adequate  care  and  protection  for  children.  It  may  involve  failure  to  feed  the  child  adequately,  provide  medical  care,  provide  appropriate  education,  or  protect  the  child  from  danger.  Physical  abuse  is  the  infliction  of  nonaccidental  injury  by  a  caretaker.  It  may  take  the  form  of  beating,  punching,  kicking,  biting,  or  other  methods.  The  abuse  can  result  in  injuries  such  as  broken  bones,  internal  hemorrhages,  bruises,  burns,  and  poisoning.  Cultural  factors  should  be  considered  in  assessing  whether  the  discipline  of  a  child  is  abusive  or  normative  (Giardino  &  Alexander,  2005;  Helfer  et  al,  1999).  Sexual  abuse  of  children  refers  to  sexual  behavior  between  a  child  and  an  adult  or  between  two  children  when  one  of  them  is  significantly  older  or  more  dominant.  The  sexual  behaviors  include  the  following:  touching  breasts,  buttocks,  and  genitals,  whether  the  victim  is  dressed  or  undressed;  exhibitionism;  fellatio;  cunnilingus;  penetration  of  the  vagina  or  anus  with  sexual  organs  or  with  objects;  and  pornographic  photography.  Psychological  abuse  occurs  when  a  caretaker  causes  serious  psychological  injury  by  repeatedly  terrorizing  or  berating  a  child.  When  serious,  it  is  often  accompanied  by  neglect,  physical  abuse,  sexual  abuse,  and  exposure  to  domestic  violence  (Hamarman  &  Bernet,  2000).  Also,  psychological  abuse  occurs  when  a  person  indoctrinates  a  child  to  fear  or  hate  a  parent  without  good  cause,  which  is  sometimes  called  parental  alienation.The  psychiatric  classification  of  abuse  and  neglect  in  the  International  Classification  of  Diseases,  10th  Revision  (ICD-10)  appears  in  Chapter  XIX,  "Injury,  Poisoning  and  Certain  Other  Consequences  of  External  Causes,"  and  in  the  section  "Maltreatment  Syndromes."  The  codes  from  ICD-10  related  to  child  maltreatment  are  the  following:Table  Graphic  Jump  Location|Download  (.pdf)|PrintT74.0Neglect  or  abandonmentT74.1Physical  abuseT74.2Sexual  abuseT74.3Psychological  abuseAdapted  with  permission  from  the  World  Health  Organization  (WHO):  International  Statistical  Classification  of  Diseases  and  Related  Health  Problems  10th  Revision,  Fifth  edition,  2016.  Geneva:  World  Health  Organization.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158263703
ER  -