TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Pathobiology of Neurologic Diseases
A1  - Hauser, Stephen L.
A1  - Kriegstein, Arnold R.
A1  - Prusiner, Stanley B.
A2  - Jameson, J. Larry
A2  - Fauci, Anthony S.
A2  - Kasper, Dennis L.
A2  - Hauser, Stephen L.
A2  - Longo, Dan L.
A2  - Loscalzo, Joseph
PY  - 2018
T2  - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
AB  - The  human  nervous  system  is  the  organ  of  consciousness,  cognition,  ethics,  and  behavior;  as  such,  it  is  the  most  intricate  structure  known  to  exist.  More  than  one-third  of  the  23,000  genes  encoded  in  the  human  genome  are  expressed  in  the  nervous  system.  Each  mature  brain  is  composed  of  100  billion  neurons,  several  million  miles  of  axons  and  dendrites,  and  >1015  synapses.  Neurons  exist  within  a  dense  parenchyma  of  multifunctional  glial  cells  that  synthesize  myelin,  preserve  homeostasis,  and  regulate  immune  responses.  Measured  against  this  background  of  complexity,  the  achievements  of  molecular  neuroscience  have  been  extraordinary.  Advances  have  occurred  in  parallel  with  the  development  of  new  enabling  technologies—in  bioengineering  and  computational  sciences,  imaging,  and  cell,  molecular  and  chemical  biology—and  moving  forward  it  is  likely  that  the  pace  of  new  discoveries  will  only  increase.  This  chapter  reviews  a  number  of  the  most  dynamic  areas  in  neuroscience,  specifically  highlighting  advances  in  immunology  and  inflammation,  neurodegeneration,  and  stem  cell  biology.  In  each  of  these  areas,  recent  discoveries  are  providing  context  for  an  understanding  of  the  triggers  and  mechanisms  of  disease,  and  offering  new  hope  for  prevention,  treatment,  and  repair  of  nervous  system  injuries.  Discussions  of  the  neurogenetics  of  behavior,  advances  in  addiction  science,  and  diseases  caused  by  network  dysfunction  can  be  found  in  Chap.  443  (Biology  of  Psychiatric  Disorders);  and  new  approaches  to  rehabilitation  via  harnessing  of  neuroplasticity,  neurostimulation,  and  computer-brain  interfaces  are  presented  in  Chap.  477  (Emerging  Neurotherapeutic  Technologies).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1156508768
ER  -