TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Sepsis and Septic Shock A1 - Seymour, Christopher W. A1 - Angus, Derek C. A2 - Jameson, J. Larry A2 - Fauci, Anthony S. A2 - Kasper, Dennis L. A2 - Hauser, Stephen L. A2 - Longo, Dan L. A2 - Loscalzo, Joseph PY - 2018 T2 - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e AB - Sepsis is a common and deadly disease. More than two millennia ago, Hippocrates wrote that sepsis was characterized by rotting flesh and festering wounds. Several centuries later, Galen described sepsis as a laudable event required for wound healing. Once the germ theory was proposed by Semmelweis, Pasteur, and others in the nineteenth century, sepsis was recast as a systemic infection referred to as “blood poisoning” and was thought to be due to pathogen invasion and spread in the bloodstream of the host. However, germ theory did not fully explain sepsis: many septic patients died despite successful removal of the inciting pathogen. In 1992, Bone and colleagues proposed that the host, not the germ, was responsible for the pathogenesis of sepsis. Specifically, they defined sepsis as a systemic inflammatory response to infection. Yet sepsis arose in response to many different pathogens, and septicemia was neither a necessary condition nor a helpful term. Thus, these investigators instead proposed the term severe sepsis to describe cases where sepsis was complicated by acute organ dysfunction and the term septic shock for a subset of sepsis cases that were complicated by hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation along with perfusion abnormalities. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1159155638 ER -