TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - EXERCISE IN HEALTH AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE A1 - Fletcher, Gerald F. A1 - Flipse, Thomas R. A1 - Safford, Robert E. A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Harrington, Robert A. A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Eapen, Zubin J. PY - 2017 T2 - Hurst's The Heart, 14e AB - SummaryThis chapter discusses the hemodynamic and health benefits of exercise in healthy individuals and those with or at risk of cardiovascular disease. The three different types of exercise — isotonic (dynamic), isometric (static), and resistance — impose different loads on the cardiovascular system. Exercise training increases oxygen consumption, cardiac stroke volume, maximal exercise cardiac output, and resting parasympathetic tone, and decreases resting sympathetic tone and resting heart rate. Thus, physical conditioning alters cardiac structure and function. Exercise has been shown to provide cardioprotection by reducing cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, weight, risk of diabetes, and possibly systemic inflammation (see accompanying Hurst’s Central Illustration). Credible data exist to support the benefits of a physically active lifestyle in older adults, but specific considerations must be addressed when prescribing exercise for elderly individuals. An individually prescribed physical activity/exercise program can also provide significant benefit to patients with stable cardiovascular disease. Studies indicate that exercise results in less progression and more regression of coronary artery disease, enhancement of endothelium-dependent coronary and peripheral arterial vasodilatation in individuals with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, diabetes, or hypertension, and functional and symptomatic improvement in patients with heart failure. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191188989 ER -