TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Endocrinology & the Heart A1 - Stock, Eveline Oestreicher A2 - Crawford, Michael H. PY - 2017 T2 - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Cardiology, 5e AB - In the past decade, the knowledge regarding the central role played by hormones, peptides, and other molecules on the cardiovascular system has grown at an exponential rate. It is now clear that the heart is not just a target organ for hormones and peptides, but actually has functions as an “endocrine organ,” playing a central role in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis (natriuretic peptides). Other organs also play a role, for example, the kidney (renin and erythropoietin), adipose tissue (leptin, adiponectin, and irisin), and the gut (cholecystokinin and incretins). Once in the circulation, hormones bind to receptors on target tissues to elicit biological effects. Target tissues for some hormones (eg, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone) can be numerous, reflecting the wide distribution of receptors, while other tissues may have a more limited distribution (eg, androgens). Because hormone receptors can be so ubiquitous throughout the body, the presence or absence of a single hormone can have multiple effects on one or more organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. Thus, almost all endocrine diseases, if left untreated or uncontrolled, can have cardiovascular manifestations. Treatment with hormones is a controversial topic in many areas, as large, prospective, randomized trials are lacking or provide conflicting results; for example, use of hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women has been recognized to have important cardiovascular complications, and there is a need to further address long-term safety for use in different patient groups. This chapter considers most of the common and some uncommon endocrinopathies that can affect the heart. We are becoming aware of the fact that the endocrine system and the cardiovascular system closely interact in regard to cardiovascular health and disease. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/03 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1139747759 ER -