TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Gastrointestinal Bleeding
A1  - Kasper, Dennis L.
A1  - Fauci, Anthony S.
A1  - Hauser, Stephen L.
A1  - Longo, Dan L.
A1  - Jameson, J. Larry
A1  - Loscalzo, Joseph
PY  - 2016
T2  - Harrison's Manual of Medicine, 19e
AB  - Hematemesis:  Vomiting  of  blood  or  altered  blood  (“coffee  grounds”)  indicates  bleeding  proximal  to  ligament  of  Treitz.Melena:  Altered  (black)  blood  per  rectum  (>100-mL  blood  required  for  one  melenic  stool)  usually  indicates  bleeding  proximal  to  ligament  of  Treitz  but  may  be  as  distal  as  ascending  colon;  pseudomelena  may  be  caused  by  ingestion  of  iron,  bismuth,  licorice,  beets,  blueberries,  and  charcoal.Hematochezia:  Bright  red  or  maroon  rectal  bleeding  usually  implies  bleeding  beyond  ligament  of  Treitz  but  may  be  due  to  rapid  upper  GI  bleeding  (>1000  mL).Positive  fecal  occult  blood  test  with  or  without  iron  deficiency.Symptoms  of  blood  loss:  e.g.,  light-headedness  or  shortness  of  breath.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1128782570
ER  -