TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes
A1  - Lynch, Joseph P.
A1  - Fishbein, Michael C.
A1  - Wang, Tisha
A2  - Grippi, Michael A.
A2  - Elias, Jack A.
A2  - Fishman, Jay A.
A2  - Kotloff, Robert M.
A2  - Pack, Allan I.
A2  - Senior, Robert M.
A2  - Siegel, Mark D.
Y1  - 2015
N1  - 
T2  - Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 5e
AB  - Diffuse  alveolar  hemorrhage  (DAH)  is  a  potentially  catastrophic  complication  of  myriad  immune  and  nonimmune  disorders.1–3  Clinical  features  are  broad,  but  hemoptysis,  infiltrates  on  chest  radiographs,  hypoxemia,  and  progressive  respiratory  insufficiency  are  common  to  diverse  etiologies.2  Nonimmune  causes  of  alveolar  hemorrhage  include  endobronchial  tumors,  arteriovenous  malformations  or  aneurysms,  ulcerative  tracheobronchitis,  hemorrhagic  pneumonia,  bronchiectasis,  congestive  heart  failure,  uremia,  thrombocytopenia  or  coagulopathy,  pulmonary  venoocclusive  disease,  infections,  and  massive  pulmonary  embolism.4,5  These  nonimmune  causes  need  to  be  excluded  in  patients  with  severe  alveolar  hemorrhage.  Depending  upon  the  clinical  scenario,  coagulation  profiles  and  ancillary  tests  (e.g.,  echocardiogram,  chest  computed  tomographic  [CT]  pulmonary  angiography,  fiberoptic  bronchoscopy)  may  be  required  to  establish  a  specific  diagnosis.  In  addition,  other  causes  of  diffuse  parenchymal  infiltrates  (but  without  severe  alveolar  hemorrhage)  share  features  in  common  with  DAH  syndromes  (e.g.,  cryptogenic  organizing  pneumonia,  hypersensitivity  pneumonia,  pulmonary  alveolar  proteinosis,  and  diverse  interstitial  or  alveolar  lung  disorders).  A  discussion  of  these  disorders  is  beyond  the  scope  of  this  chapter,  which  focuses  primarily  on  immune-mediated  causes  of  DAH.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1122362011
ER  -