TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer A1 - Giovanni, Monica A. A1 - Murray, Michael F. A1 - Garber, Judy E. A2 - Murray, Michael F. A2 - Babyatsky, Mark W. A2 - Giovanni, Monica A. A2 - Alkuraya, Fowzan S. A2 - Stewart, Douglas R. Y1 - 2014 N1 - T2 - Clinical Genomics: Practical Applications in Adult Patient Care AB - Disease summary:Breast cancer is a common disease panethnically. Approximately 15% to 20% of breast cancer is thought to cluster in families while only 5% to 10% is caused by single gene defects.Ovarian cancer is far less common; approximately 10% to 25% of ovarian cancer is caused by single gene defects.The monogenic form of breast and ovarian cancer, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), caused by mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 predisposes individuals and families to a high lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancers as well as other cancers including the prostate and pancreas. BRCA1-specific lifetime risk for female breast cancer is 55% to 65%, with a 39% risk for ovarian cancer. BRCA2-specific lifetime risk for female breast cancer is 47%, with a 11% to 17% risk for ovarian cancer. BRCA-related male breast cancer risk is 7% with a 20% risk for prostate cancer.CHEK2-related breast cancer is a more recently described disease association. Mutations in CHEK2 within the context of a strong family history of breast cancer pose an increased risk, though there is much controversy around actual risk assessments. Studies within a European population, where a single mutation is common (1100delC), report a baseline risk of 6%, with that risk increasing to 44% in families in which two other relatives have a breast cancer diagnosis.Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 11 loci that have repeatedly been associated with breast cancer in at least two published studies, see Table 52-1. Interestingly a study by Bolton et al. found a risk association for ovarian cancer which overlaps the observed risk for breast cancer at 19q13.11. This may indicate a BRCA1- and/or BRCA2-associated pathway driving these risks. The other observed associations may ultimately reveal new cancer risk pathways or new insights into the one associated pathway. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1102700986 ER -