TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 25. Scleroderma A1 - Hummers, Laura K. A1 - Wigley, Fredrick M. A2 - Imboden, John B. A2 - Hellmann, David B. A2 - Stone, John H. Y1 - 2013 N1 - T2 - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Rheumatology, 3e AB - The most frequent symptoms are (in descending order) Raynaud phenomenon, gastroesophageal reflux with or without dysmotility, skin changes, swollen fingers, and arthralgias.Patients with Raynaud phenomenon and features atypical for primary Raynaud phenomenon should be evaluated for the possibility of scleroderma or another connective tissue disease.A negative antinuclear antibody test (by indirect immunofluorescence) makes the diagnosis of scleroderma very unlikely.The degree of skin involvement is highly variable. Many patients with limited scleroderma have only subtle cutaneous findings (eg, mild sclerodactyly).The current classification criteria do not include many patients with milder forms of scleroderma.Some patients may have overlapping clinical features with other systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders such as polymyositis/dermatomyositis, Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57272580 ER -