TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 30. Urinary Incontinence
A1  - Lue, Tom F.
A1  - Tanagho, Emil A.
A2  - McAninch, Jack W.
A2  - Lue, Tom F.
Y1  - 2013
N1  - 
T2  - Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 18e
AB  - It  is  estimated  that  45.2%,  10.7%,  8.2%,  and  21.5%  of  the  2008  worldwide  population  (4.3  billion)  was  affected  by  at  least  one  lower  urinary  tract  symptoms  (LUTS),  overactive  bladder  (OAB),  urinary  incontinence,  and  LUTS/bladder  outlet  obstruction  (BOO),  respectively  (Irwin  et  al,  2011).  Urinary  incontinence  is  a  major  health  issue  and  the  total  direct  and  indirect  cost  in  the  United  States  alone  was  estimated  at  $19.5  billion  in  2000,  of  which  75%  is  for  the  management  of  women  with  this  condition.  Incontinence  also  results  in  psychological  and  medical  morbidity,  significantly  impacting  health-related  quality  of  life  in  a  manner  similar  to  other  chronic  medical  conditions  including  osteoporosis,  chronic  obstructive  pulmonary  disease,  and  stroke.  Overall  prevalence  of  female  incontinence  is  reported  at  38%,  increasing  with  age  from  20–30%  during  young  adult  life  to  almost  50%  in  the  elderly  (Anger  et  al,  2006;  Hawkins  et  al,  2010).  Recent  advances  in  the  understanding  of  pathophysiology,  as  well  as  development  of  novel  pharmacotherapy  and  surgical  techniques  for  stress,  mixed,  and  urge  incontinence  (UI),  have  redefined  contemporary  care  of  this  patient  group.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56948262
ER  -