TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 41. The AIDS-Related Cancers A1 - Rios, Adan A1 - Hagemeister, Fredrick B. A2 - Kantarjian, Hagop M. A2 - Wolff, Robert A. A2 - Koller, Charles A. Y1 - 2011 N1 - T2 - The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology, 2e AB - The relationship between malignancies and AIDS began changing in 1996 (1,2) when the highly active antiretroviral (HAART) therapy regimens were introduced in the industrial nations. Thanks to the United Nations efforts and to general programs of economic support and philanthropy, HAART has also been successfully introduced into a significant number of developing nations. Africa, the main epicenter of the pandemic, has been the exception, due to the sheer magnitude of the African epidemic. Significant political and social turmoil has hampered the efficiency of these efforts in Africa (3). Prior to 1996, epidemiologists noted that specific malignancies afflicted patients with AIDS, and that the risk of development of a malignancy was directly proportional to the degree of immunodeficiency of the infected host. Before the development of HAART, patients with AIDS could be separated into two groups: patients who would have an opportunistic infection as their first manifestation of AIDS (60%) and those who would have a malignancy as the mode of presentation (40%) (4). SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2022/05/19 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=8313801 ER -