TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 53. Gallstone Disease A1 - Paumgartner, Gustav A1 - Greenberger, Norton J. A2 - Greenberger, Norton J. A2 - Blumberg, Richard S. A2 - Burakoff, Robert Y1 - 2012 N1 - T2 - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Endoscopy, 2e AB - Major risk factors for cholesterol gallstones include age >50 years, female sex, Mexican or Native American ethnicity, genetic predisposition, family history, pregnancy and parity, estrogens, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome.Gallstones are often found incidentally during abdominal ultrasonography, which has >95% sensitivity for cholesterol stones ≥1.5 mm.In ∼80% of cases gallstones remain asymptomatic; in symptomatic patients, biliary colic is almost always present, often radiating to the right scapula or shoulder.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is indicated in patients with symptomatic gallstones.Major complications of gallstone disease requiring treatment are acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, and pancreatitis.Acute cholangitis caused by an obstructing gallstone should be treated by endoscopic removal of the stone under antibiotic coverage as soon as possible. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55962112 ER -