TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Systemic Sarcoidosis A1 - Chen, Edward S. A2 - Grippi, Michael A. A2 - Antin-Ozerkis, Danielle E. A2 - Dela Cruz, Charles S. A2 - Kotloff, Robert M. A2 - Kotton, Camille Nelson A2 - Pack, Allan I. Y1 - 2023 N1 - T2 - Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 6e AB - Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation at sites of disease.1 Although any organ can be involved, the disease most commonly affects the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis is most securely established by a compatible clinical presentation and laboratory and radiographic abnormalities, and is confirmed by a biopsy showing noncaseating epithelioid granulomas in more than one organ plus the exclusion of granulomatous disorders of known cause.2 The disease results from the combined effects of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures.3 Disease-specific immune responses contribute to the nonnecrotizing granulomatous inflammation identified as sarcoidosis. The clinical course is highly variable according to clinical presentation and demographic features.4 Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment for patients with threatened organ failure or progressive disease. Long-term management must include a careful review of systems to identify symptoms that are not due to direct damage to tissues and organs and require alternative treatment strategies. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1195005598 ER -