TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Physiologic and Metabolic Assessment of Pulmonary Disorders Using Conventional Imaging Techniques and Positron Emission Tomography
A1  - El-Haddad, Ghassan
A1  - Hess, Søren
A1  - Alavi, Abass
A2  - Grippi, Michael A.
A2  - Antin-Ozerkis, Danielle E.
A2  - Dela Cruz, Charles S.
A2  - Kotloff, Robert M.
A2  - Kotton, Camille Nelson
A2  - Pack, Allan I.
Y1  - 2023
N1  - 
T2  - Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, 6e
AB  - Since  the  mid-1950s,  use  of  radiopharmaceuticals  has  made  it  possible  to  assess  a  variety  of  pulmonary  disorders.  In  1955,  133Xe  was  introduced  for  the  study  of  regional  pulmonary  ventilation.1  Shortly  thereafter,  it  became  possible  to  evaluate  regional  pulmonary  blood  flow  using  inhaled  carbon  dioxide  containing  radioactive  15O2  or  intravenous  injection  of  133Xe  dissolved  in  saline  solution.3  In  1964,  intravenous  injection  of  131I-macroaggregated  albumin  made  it  feasible  to  obtain  perfusion  scans  of  the  lungs.4  Although  these  techniques  rapidly  gained  wide  acceptance  as  tests  of  regional  abnormalities  in  ventilation  and  pulmonary  blood  flow,  the  main  practical  application  was  as  a  ventilation–perfusion  lung  scan  (V̇/Q̇  scan)  in  the  diagnostic  evaluation  of  patients  with  suspected  pulmonary  embolism.  Over  the  years,  the  role  of  nuclear  medicine  in  respiratory  medicine  expanded  to  include  such  indications  as  preoperative  assessment  of  lung  function,  mucociliary  clearance,  alveolar-capillary  membrane  permeability,  inflammatory  lung  disease,  and  lung  cancer.  The  last  two  indications  were  facilitated  by  the  more  widespread  availability  of  positron  emission  tomography  (PET)  and  integrated  PET/CT  (computed  tomography)  that  has  provided  powerful  tools  to  aid  in  the  diagnosis,  staging,  and  management  of  patients.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/17
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1194948825
ER  -