TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
A1  - Dirkx, Tonja C.
A1  - Woodell, Tyler B.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
A2  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
Y1  - 2023
N1  - 
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023
AB  - This  relatively  common  renal  pattern  of  injury  results  from  damage  to  podocytes;  such  damage  may  be  a  primary/renal-limited  disorder  or  may  be  secondary  to  another  underlying  disease  state.  Primary  causes  fall  into  three  categories:  (1)  heritable  abnormalities  in  any  one  of  several  podocyte  proteins,  or  underlying  type  4  collagen  mutations;  (2)  polymorphisms  in  the  APOL1  gene  in  those  of  sub-Saharan  African  ancestry;  or  (3)  increased  levels  of  a  circulating  permeability  factor.  Secondary  causes  include  renal  overwork  injury,  obesity,  hypertension,  chronic  urinary  reflux,  HIV  or  SARS-CoV-2  infection,  or  analgesic  or  bisphosphonate  exposure.  Genetic  testing  in  primary  cases  is  becoming  more  common,  especially  in  the  pediatric  population.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193127509
ER  -