TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases A1 - Benziger, Catherine P. A1 - Moran, Andrew E. A1 - Roth, Gregory A. A1 - Mensah, George A. A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Vaishnava, Prashant A2 - Leon, Martin B. A2 - Callans, David J. A2 - Rumsfeld, John S. A2 - Poppas, Athena Y1 - 2022 N1 - T2 - Fuster and Hurst's The Heart, 15e AB - Chapter SummaryThis chapter highlights the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using comparable health metrics from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. It discusses cause- and region-specific trends, from 1990 through 2019, in the major CVDs, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, infective endocarditis, and valvular heart disease (see Fuster and Hurst’s Central Illustration). Despite a decline in age-specific death rates, CVD prevalence and mortality have increased since 1990, to more than 18.6 million deaths in 2019, largely the result of population growth and aging. About 60% of these deaths occur in low, low-middle, and middle sociodemographic index (SDI) countries, and nearly half of the deaths are in women. Age-standardized mortality from CVD declined significantly (52.8%) in high-SDI countries; however, global CVD deaths did not change. The chapter explores modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factor trends, COVID-19, pregnancy-related cardiovascular risk factors, air pollution, mental illness, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and social determinants of health. Modeling studies suggest that significant reductions in premature CVD are possible by 2025 if multiple risk factor targets are achieved; however, given current trends, the probability of dying prematurely from CVD is projected to remain unchanged in many of the world’s most populous regions. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1202440439 ER -