TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Lipoproteins & Atherogenesis A1 - Blaha, Michael J. A2 - Papadakis, Maxine A. A2 - McPhee, Stephen J. A2 - Rabow, Michael W. A2 - McQuaid, Kenneth R. Y1 - 2022 N1 - T2 - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022 AB - The plaques in the arterial walls of patients with atherosclerosis contain large amounts of cholesterol. The higher the level of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, the greater the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease; conversely, the higher the high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, the lower the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This is true in men and women, in different racial and ethnic groups, and at all ages up to at least age 75 years, with increasing data supporting the continued importance of LDL in those above age 75. Because most cholesterol in serum is LDL, high total cholesterol levels are also associated with an increased risk of CHD. Middle-aged men whose serum cholesterol levels are in the highest quintile for age (above about 230 mg/dL or 5.95 mmol/L) have a risk of coronary death before age 65 years of about 10%; men in the lowest quintile (below about 170 mg/dL or 4.40 mmol/L) have a 3% risk. Death from CHD before age 65 years is less common in women, with equivalent risks one-third those of men. In men, each 10-mg/dL or 0.26-mmol/L increase in cholesterol (or LDL cholesterol) increases the risk of CHD by about 10%; each 5-mg/dL or 0.13-mmol/L increase in HDL is associated with reduced risk of about 10%. The association of HDL cholesterol with reduced risk is greater in women, whereas the effects of total and LDL cholesterol are smaller. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184162697 ER -