TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Masses
A1  - Fitzgerald, Paul A.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
A2  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
Y1  - 2022
N1  - 
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022
AB  - Adrenal  incidentalomas  are  defined  as  adrenal  nodules  that  are  discovered  incidentally  on  up  to  4%  of  abdominal  CT  or  MRI  scans  obtained  for  other  reasons.  Although  the  overwhelming  majority  of  adrenal  incidentalomas  are  benign  adrenal  adenomas,  it  is  always  necessary  to  determine  whether  such  masses  are  malignant  or  pheochromocytomas  and  whether  they  secrete  excessive  cortisol  or  aldosterone.  Patients  with  an  adrenal  nodule  and  any  possible  manifestation  of  hypercortisolism  should  be  screened  for  Cushing  syndrome  with  a  plasma  ACTH,  serum  cortisol,  and  serum  DHEAS;  patients  with  a  low  or  low-normal  ACTH,  a  suppressed  DHEAS,  or  a  high  cortisol  should  then  be  assessed  with  a  1-mg  dexamethasone  suppression  test  (see  Cushing  syndrome).  Patients  with  hypertension  are  screened  for  primary  aldosteronism  with  a  PRA  and  serum  aldosterone  (see  Primary  Aldosteronism).  Adrenal  incidentalomas  should  be  assessed  for  pheochromocytoma  if  their  unenhanced  CT  density  is  greater  than  or  equal  to  10  HU,  particularly  when  their  CT  diameter  exceeds  3  cm,  and  in  patients  with  hypertension  or  suspicious  symptoms;  screening  is  done  with  plasma  fractionated  free  metanephrines  (see  Pheochromocytoma).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184697971
ER  -