TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Takayasu Arteritis
A1  - Yazdany, Jinoos
A1  - Manno, Rebecca L.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
A2  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
Y1  - 2022
N1  - 
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022
AB  - Takayasu  arteritis  is  a  granulomatous  vasculitis  of  the  aorta  and  its  major  branches.  Rare  in  North  America  but  more  prevalent  in  the  Far  East,  it  primarily  affects  women  and  typically  has  its  onset  in  early  adulthood.  Takayasu  arteritis  can  present  with  nonspecific  constitutional  symptoms  of  malaise,  fever,  and  weight  loss  or  with  manifestations  of  vascular  inflammation  and  damage:  diminished  pulses,  unequal  blood  pressures  in  the  arms,  carotidynia  (tenderness  over  the  carotid  arteries),  bruits  over  carotid  and  subclavian  arteries,  retinopathy,  limb  claudication,  and  hypertension.  There  are  no  specific  laboratory  abnormalities;  the  ESR  and  the  CRP  level  are  elevated  in  most  cases.  The  diagnosis  is  established  by  imaging  studies,  usually  MRI,  which  can  detect  inflammatory  thickening  of  the  walls  of  affected  vessels,  or  CT  angiography,  which  can  provide  images  of  the  stenoses,  occlusions,  and  dilations  characteristic  of  arteritis.  Corticosteroids  (eg,  oral  prednisone,  1  mg/kg  for  1  month,  followed  by  a  taper  over  several  months  to  10  mg  daily)  are  the  mainstays  of  treatment.  The  addition  of  methotrexate,  azathioprine,  or  mycophenolate  mofetil  to  prednisone  may  be  more  effective  than  the  prednisone  alone.  Case  series  suggest  that  biologic  therapy  with  either  inhibitors  of  TNF  (eg,  infliximab)  or  the  IL-6  receptor  (tocilizumab)  may  be  effective  for  patients  refractory  to  prednisone.  Takayasu  arteritis  has  a  chronic  relapsing  and  remitting  course  that  requires  ongoing  monitoring  and  adjustment  of  therapy.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184193296
ER  -