TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - The Group A Streptococcus A1 - Mosites, Emily A1 - Kaplan, Edward L. A1 - Li, Yuan L. A1 - Van Beneden, Chris A. A2 - Boulton, Matthew L. A2 - Wallace, Robert B. Y1 - 2022 N1 - T2 - Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e AB - The group A Streptococcus (GAS), a β-hemolytic Streptococcus, presents significant clinical and public health challenges throughout the world. The magnitude of disease burden varies not only by geographic region and within countries, but also between distinct populations within regional or national borders. Currently, more than 600 million cases of GAS pharyngitis and 162 million cases of impetigo—a common presentation of GAS infection—are estimated to occur worldwide each year.1,2 Although less common, invasive GAS infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), can result in death in 20–25% of cases.3 Nonsuppurative sequelae of GAS infection, such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), are also major contributors to disease burden. A systematic review published in 2005 estimated that approximately 470,000 cases each of PSGN and ARF occur globally every year and between 15.6 and 19.6 million people were estimated to have rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a severe and chronic complication of ARF.1 RHD is the leading cause of death from acquired heart disease among persons under 50 years of age, and from all cardiovascular disease among children in low income countries.4–6 Because of the immense burden of disease, GAS continues to be an important target for prevention and public health control7. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/13 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182668250 ER -