TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Musculoskeletal Disorders A1 - Hammer, Erin A1 - Brooks, M. Alison A1 - Bartels, Christie M. A2 - Boulton, Matthew L. A2 - Wallace, Robert B. Y1 - 2022 N1 - T2 - Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e AB - Globally, musculoskeletal conditions including arthritis and back pain affect 1.5 billion people.1 They are the second greatest cause of global disability,1 and in the United States, arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions are the leading cause of disability and physician visits.2,3 Among U.S. community dwelling adults, 55.4 million people have doctor diagnosed arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders and 23.7 million of those people experience activity limitations, a figure greater than any other disease category (Fig. 57-1).2–4According to the 2012 National Health Interview Survey, age adjusted rates for musculoskeletal conditions may be as high as 54% of Americans, compared to 31% and 28% for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, respectively.5 Ambulatory visits for arthritis and rheumatic conditions exceed 100 million annually (Table 57-1), and the total U.S. economic cost for musculoskeletal disease was estimated to be $213 billion in 2011.5 Indirect costs from lost earnings and services represent a particularly high proportion of this cost, since many people are affected during their most productive years. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182671991 ER -