TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis A1 - Bongartz, Timothy A1 - Dingle, Jodi A. A2 - Knoop, Kevin J. A2 - Stack, Lawrence B. A2 - Storrow, Alan B. A2 - Thurman, R. Jason Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e AB - The term juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, describes several subtypes of chronic childhood arthritis further classified by number of joints involved and other clinical characteristics. Oligoarticular JIA (less than five joints involved) and polyarticular JIA (five or more joints involved) patients generally present with joint swelling with painful, limited range of motion that persists for more than 6 weeks. Joints may be warm but are not typically erythematous. The onset is usually insidious, but these patients may present to the ED with concern for mechanical injury or infection. Systemic JIA (known as Still disease in adults) is an important distinct category of disease characterized by arthritis in addition to a classic daily fever (often spiking in the evening) with accompanying erythematous macular rash that tends to worsen with the fever. Patients with systemic JIA are at risk for developing macrophage activation syndrome, especially early in the disease course and with infections. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/13 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181053208 ER -