TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Diving Medicine A1 - Kim, Ana H. A1 - Stern Shavit, Sagit A2 - Lalwani, Anil K. Y1 - 2020 N1 - T2 - Current Diagnosis & Treatment Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 4e AB - ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSISEustachian tube dysfunction and middle ear barotrauma are the 2 most common complications of scuba diving.ET equalization is most critical while approaching close to the water surface where the greatest pressure and volume changes occur.Inner ear barotrauma can occur via 2 mechanisms: forceful Valsalva maneuver in an attempt to equalize middle ear pressure with ET dysfunction or through increased pressure differential between the middle ear and nasopharynx, causing the ET to close.Alternobaric vertigo is a specific type of inner ear barotrauma that occurs when there is a pressure differential causing asymmetric stimulation to the labyrinth.Differentiation between inner ear barotrauma and decompression sickness is important to ensure proper treatment to prevent permanent sequelae. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1169080374 ER -