TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Mitral Stenosis
A1  - Bashore, Thomas M.
A1  - Granger, Christopher B.
A1  - Jackson, Kevin P.
A1  - Patel, Manesh R.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
Y1  - 2020
N1  - 
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020
AB  - ESSENTIALS  OF  DIAGNOSISFatigue,  exertional  dyspnea,  and  orthopnea  when  the  stenosis  becomes  severe.Symptoms  often  precipitated  by  onset  of  atrial  fibrillation  or  pregnancy.Prominent  mitral  first  sound,  opening  snap  (usually),  and  apical  diastolic  rumble.Auscultatory  A2  to  opening  snap  interval  shortens  as  the  mitral  stenosis  worsenes  (increased  LA  pressure).ECG  shows  LA  abnormality  and,  commonly,  atrial  fibrillation.Echocardiography/Doppler  is  diagnostic.Intervention  indicated  for  symptoms,  atrial  fibrillation,  or  evidence  of  pulmonary  hypertension.  Most  symptomatic  patients  have  a  mitral  valve  area  of  less  than  1.5  cm2.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2022/05/23
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1166611192
ER  -