TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Gram-Negative Coccal and Bacillary Infections A1 - Mordorski, Breanne A1 - Friedman, Adam J. A2 - Kang, Sewon A2 - Amagai, Masayuki A2 - Bruckner, Anna L. A2 - Enk, Alexander H. A2 - Margolis, David J. A2 - McMichael, Amy J. A2 - Orringer, Jeffrey S. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e AB - The Gram stain, developed in the late 1800s by Hans Christian Gram, is used to distinguish 2 major categories of bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria retain the purple hue of the initial crystal violet stain, whereas Gram-negative bacteria are decolorized and subsequently stain red by safranin or carbol fuchsin. While Gram-positive bacteria have thick walls of peptidoglycan and secondary polymers that are relatively impermeable and resist decolorization, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer with an outer lipid membrane bilayer that is readily disrupted by this process.1 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161351963 ER -