TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Psychiatric Epidemiology A1 - Blazer, Dan G. A2 - Ebert, Michael H. A2 - Leckman, James F. A2 - Petrakis, Ismene L. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 3e AB - George Engel promulgated a theoretical model, based on general systems theory, of the etiology of mental disease that remains central to epidemiologic investigations into the twenty-first century. Research demonstrates that unitary explanations are not adequate to explain disease etiology or thus inform appropriate prevention and treatment strategies. Engel suggested an interrelatedness among biological, psychological, and social factors. Biological factors include hereditary, anatomic, and molecular factors and those factors related to gender, age, and ethnicity. Psychological factors include temperament, personality, motivation, emotion, attention, and cognition. According to Engel's theory, social factors included family, society, culture, and environment; other authors would include religious and spiritual as well as economic factors in this group. This model pervades epidemiology, yet recent efforts focus on not simply integrating the different elements but rather moving toward a transdisciplinary approach that breaks down traditional disciplinary barriers. From this perspective, psychiatric epidemiologists explore the frequency, distribution, outcome, and causation of psychiatric disorders. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158256585 ER -