TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Dyspnea
A1  - Baron, Rebecca M.
A2  - Jameson, J. Larry
A2  - Fauci, Anthony S.
A2  - Kasper, Dennis L.
A2  - Hauser, Stephen L.
A2  - Longo, Dan L.
A2  - Loscalzo, Joseph
Y1  - 2018
N1  - 
T2  - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
AB  - Definition:  The  American  Thoracic  Society  consensus  statement  defines  dyspnea  as  a  “subjective  experience  of  breathing  discomfort  that  consists  of  qualitatively  distinct  sensations  that  vary  in  intensity.  The  experience  derives  from  interactions  among  multiple  physiological,  psychological,  social,  and  environmental  factors  and  may  induce  secondary  physiological  and  behavioral  responses.”  Dyspnea,  a  symptom,  can  be  perceived  only  by  the  person  experiencing  it  and,  therefore,  must  be  self-reported.  In  contrast,  signs  of  increased  work  of  breathing,  such  as  tachypnea,  accessory  muscle  use,  and  intercostal  retraction,  can  be  measured  and  reported  by  clinicians.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/23
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1162941636
ER  -