TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Transfusion Medicine in Critical Care A1 - Shander, Aryeh A1 - Gianatiempo, Carmine A1 - Goodnough, Lawrence T. A2 - Oropello, John M. A2 - Pastores, Stephen M. A2 - Kvetan, Vladimir Y1 - 1 N1 - T2 - Critical Care AB - KEY POINTSPatient blood management (PBM) is the timely application of evidence-based medical and surgical concepts designed to maintain hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, optimize hemostasis, and minimize blood loss in an effort to improve patient outcome.Anemia in the critically ill patients is often multifactorial and can be traced to one or a combination of iron deficiency, inflammatory responses, blunt response to endogenous erythropoietin, bleeding and aggressive diagnostic blood draws that are common in many intensive care units (ICUs).The use of hemoglobin as the only “trigger” for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion should be avoided, and transfusion decisions should be made based on other parameters such as patient's volume status, evidence of shock, duration, and severity of anemia, and cardiopulmonary status of the patient.The benefit of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) administration remains controversial and with the advent of more specific factor concentrates, its indications are on the decline.Higher plasma (and platelet) to RBC ratios as part of “balanced” transfusion protocols during early resuscitation of trauma patients may be associated with better survival, but is still under investigation. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1136414912 ER -