TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State A1 - Graffeo, Charles S. A2 - Tintinalli, Judith E. A2 - Stapczynski, J. Stephan A2 - Ma, O. John A2 - Yealy, Donald M. A2 - Meckler, Garth D. A2 - Cline, David M. Y1 - 2016 N1 - T2 - Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e AB - The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is characterized by progressive hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity typically found in a debilitated patient with poorly controlled or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, limited access to water, and commonly, a precipitating illness. A number of terms, including hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state/coma/syndrome and nonketotic hyperglycemiccoma, are used to describe HHS. The syndrome does not necessarily include ketosis or coma, and we will use the terminology adopted by the American Diabetes Association.1 Most cases of HHS occur in the elderly with comorbid organ or metabolic diseases, and about 70% of patients have been previously diagnosed as diabetics. However, the incidence in children is increasing, with the common risk factors being obesity and African American race.2 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/19 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1121514722 ER -