TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 111. Chemical Carcinogenesis
A1  - Glick, Adam B.
A1  - Dlugosz, Andrzej A.
A2  - Goldsmith, Lowell A.
A2  - Katz, Stephen I.
A2  - Gilchrest, Barbara A.
A2  - Paller, Amy S.
A2  - Leffell, David J.
A2  - Wolff, Klaus
PY  - 2012
T2  - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 8e
AB  - |PrintChemical  Carcinogenesis  at  a  GlanceIn  1775,  Sir  Percivall  Pott's  report  of  scrotal  cancer  in  chimney  sweeps  established  a  link  between  environmental  exposure  and  cutaneous  malignancy.Over  200  chemicals  have  been  linked  to  human  cancer  development,  according  to  the  National  Toxicology  Program's  11th  Report  on  Carcinogens  (2005).Chemicals  implicated  in  human  skin  cancer  development  include  polycyclic  aromatic  hydrocarbons  and  arsenic.Studies  in  mouse  skin  have  defined  operational  stages  of  epithelial  carcinogenesis:  initiation,  promotion,  and  malignant  progression.  Chemicals  linked  to  human  cancer  are  classified  as  tumor  initiators,  promoters,  or  “complete”  carcinogens.Tumor  initiation,  associated  with  gene  mutations  that  permanently  alter  the  cell's  biological  responsiveness,  is  irreversible;  tumor  promotion  a  nonmutagenic  process  that  provides  a  selective  growth  advantage  to  initiated  cells,  is  reversible  at  early  stages;  agents  that  facilitate  malignant  progression  are  generally  genotoxic.Most  carcinogens  must  undergo  metabolic  activation,  which  involves  enzymes  involved  in  xenobiotic  metabolism,  including  cytochrome  p450  enzymes  and  glutathione  S-transferase.An  individual's  likelihood  of  developing  chemically  induced  skin  cancer  is  a  function  of  exposure  history;  presence  of  additional  risk  factors  (e.g.,  UV  exposure);  and  genetic  background,  including  gene  polymorphisms  that  influence  susceptibility.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/25
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56057554
ER  -