TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 93. Thermoregulation
A1  - Kellogg, Dean L.
A2  - Goldsmith, Lowell A.
A2  - Katz, Stephen I.
A2  - Gilchrest, Barbara A.
A2  - Paller, Amy S.
A2  - Leffell, David J.
A2  - Wolff, Klaus
PY  - 2012
T2  - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 8e
AB  - |PrintHuman  Thermoregulation  at  a  GlanceThermoregulatory  reflexes  involve  changes  in  skin  blood  flow  and  sweating  that  act  to  preserve  thermal  balance  with  an  internal  temperature  of  approximately  37°C  (98.6°F).Thermal  balance  is  determined  by  metabolic  heat  production;  evaporative  heat  loss;  heat  gain  or  loss  through  radiant,  convective,  and  conductive  mechanisms;  and  useful  mechanical  work  done.Dermal  papillary  loops,  arteriovenous  anastomoses,  and  sweat  glands  are  the  major  skin  effectors  of  thermoregulation.Heat  stress  evokes  large  increases  in  skin  blood  flow  and  sweating  through  cholinergic  cotransmitter  and  nitric  oxide-dependent  mechanisms  to  facilitate  heat  dissipation.Local  skin  heating  causes  a  local  vasodilation  through  antidromic  neurotransmitter  release  from  afferent  skin  nerves  and  increased  nitric  oxide  generation.Cold  stress  evokes  reduced  skin  blood  flow  through  noradrenergic  cotransmitter  mechanisms  to  facilitate  heat  conservation.Local  skin  cooling  causes  a  local  vasoconstriction  through  noradrenergic  and  afferent  neural  mechanisms  as  well  as  nonneural  mechanisms.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56052148
ER  -