TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Immersion Foot or Trench Foot
A1  - Nemer, Jacqueline A.
A1  - Juarez, Marianne A.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
A2  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
PY  - 2023
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023
AB  - Immersion  foot  (or  hand)  is  caused  by  prolonged  immersion  in  cold  water  or  mud,  usually  below  10°C.  Prehyperemic  stage  is  marked  by  early  symptoms  of  cold  and  anesthesia  of  the  affected  area.  Hyperemic  stage  follows  with  a  hot  sensation,  intense  burning,  and  shooting  pains.  Posthyperemic  stage  occurs  with  ongoing  cold  exposure;  the  affected  part  becomes  pale  or  cyanotic  with  diminished  pulsations  due  to  vasospasm.  This  may  result  in  blistering,  swelling,  redness,  ecchymoses,  hemorrhage,  necrosis,  peripheral  nerve  injury,  or  gangrene.  Secondary  complications  can  include  lymphangitis,  cellulitis,  and  thrombophlebitis.  The  condition  was  first  described  during  trench  warfare  in  World  War  I.  It  is  now  most  commonly  seen  in  patients  without  housing.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193138271
ER  -