TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Parenteral Nutritional Support Solutions
A1  - Saunders, Katherine H.
A1  - Igel, Leon I.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
A2  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
PY  - 2023
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023
AB  - The  parenteral  nutrition  formulation  is  a  complex  solution  containing  up  to  40  different  nutrients.  The  basic  parenteral  solution  is  composed  of  dextrose,  amino  acids,  lipids,  electrolytes,  minerals,  trace  elements,  vitamins,  and  water.  Medications  can  also  be  added.  Most  commercial  solutions  contain  the  monohydrate  form  of  dextrose  that  provides  3.4  kcal/g.  Crystalline  amino  acids  are  used  in  parenteral  nutrition  formulations  to  provide  protein  and  provide  4  kcal/g  when  oxidized.  Lipid  emulsions  are  available  in  20%  and  30%  concentrations,  which  provide  2  kcal/mL  and  3  kcal/mL  respectively.  The  30%  concentration  is  approved  only  for  compounding  within  a  3-in-1  admixture.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193133859
ER  -