TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Retinal Disorders Associated with Systemic Diseases
A1  - Duncan, Jacque L.
A1  - Parikh, Neeti B.
A1  - Seitzman, Gerami D.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
A2  - McQuaid, Kenneth R.
PY  - 2023
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023
AB  - ESSENTIALS  OF  DIAGNOSISPresent  in  ~33%  of  all  diagnosed  diabetic  patients.Present  in  ~20%  of  type  2  diabetic  patients  at  time  of  diagnosis  of  diabetes.By  20  years  after  diagnosis  of  diabetes,  99%  of  type  1  diabetic  patients  and  60%  of  type  2  diabetic  patients  will  have  diabetic  retinopathy.Nonproliferative  diabetic  retinopathy:  can  be  mild,  moderate,  or  severe.  Microvascular  changes  are  limited  to  the  retina.Proliferative  diabetic  retinopathy:  new  blood  vessels  grow  on  the  surface  of  the  retina,  optic  nerve,  or  iris.Diabetic  macular  edema:  central  retinal  swelling;  can  occur  with  any  severity  level  of  diabetic  retinopathy;  reduces  visual  acuity  if  the  foveal  center  is  involved.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193144884
ER  -