TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli A1 - Russo, Thomas A. A1 - Johnson, James R. A2 - Loscalzo, Joseph A2 - Fauci, Anthony A2 - Kasper, Dennis A2 - Hauser, Stephen A2 - Longo, Dan A2 - Jameson, J. Larry PY - 2022 T2 - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21e AB - The post-antibiotic era has begun. For most people, this is the first time in their lives that an effective treatment for a bacterial infection may not exist. The Enterobacteriaceae are at the forefront of this evolving public health crisis. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have designated carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) as representing a threat level of “urgent” and “priority one, critical.” Enterobacteriaceae are responsible for a significant proportion of the deaths attributed to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, of which an estimated 23,000 and 25,000 occur annually in the United States and the European Union, respectively, and three to five times as many (per capita) in low- and middle-income countries (e.g., Thailand). These pathogens cause a wide variety of infections involving diverse anatomic sites in both healthy and compromised hosts. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of clinical presentations and appropriate therapeutic choices is necessary for optimal outcomes. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, Morganella, Providencia, Cronobacter, and Edwardsiella are enteric gram-negative bacilli (GNB) within the family Enterobacteriaceae that commonly cause extraintestinal infections. Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, which also are in the family Enterobacteriaceae but more commonly cause gastrointestinal infections, are discussed in Chaps. 165, 166, and 171, respectively. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1198221493 ER -