TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Human Herpesviruses A1 - Clark, Eva A1 - Akamine, Christine A1 - Shandera, Wayne X. A2 - Papadakis, Maxine A. A2 - McPhee, Stephen J. A2 - Rabow, Michael W. A2 - McQuaid, Kenneth R. PY - 2022 T2 - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022 AB - Herpesviruses cause a wide spectrum of human disease. Eight identified human herpesviruses (HHV) include herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) (type 1), HSV-2 (type 2), varicella zoster virus (VZV) (type 3), Epstein-Barr (EBV) infectious mononucleosis virus (type 4), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) (type 5). A sixth type (HHV-6) is identified as the causative agent of roseola (exanthema subitum), and a seventh (HHV-7) is serologically associated with several syndromes. Finally, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is linked with Kaposi sarcoma (see Chapter 31), primary effusion lymphoma, and some cases of multicentric Castleman disease. Herpes B virus is a zoonotic herpesvirus that infects macaques and causes approximately 80% mortality in untreated humans. Subclinical primary infection with the herpesviruses is more common than clinically manifest illness. Each persists in a latent state for the remainder of the person's life. With HSV and VZV, virus remains latent in sensory ganglia. Upon reactivation, lesions appear in the distal sensory nerve distribution. As a result of disease, drug, or radiation-induced immunosuppression, virus reactivation may lead to widespread lesions in affected organs such as the viscera or the central nervous system (CNS). Severe or fatal illness may occur in infants and immunodeficient persons. Herpesviruses can induce cell transformation, hence the association with certain malignancies, such as Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (with EBV) or primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease, and Kaposi sarcoma (with HHV-8). SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1184167097 ER -