TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Poisoning Prevention
A1  - Haegerich, Tamara M.
A1  - Parker, Erin
A1  - Cote, Pierre-Olivier
A1  - Houry, Debra
A2  - Boulton, Matthew L.
A2  - Wallace, Robert B.
PY  - 2022
T2  - Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e
AB  - Over  the  past  15  years,  poisoning  death  rates  have  increased  in  the  United  States  from  a  rate  of  9.19  per  100,000  in  2002,  to  23.13  per  100,000,  or  75,354  poisoning  deaths  in  2017.  Increases  in  drug  poisonings  have  contributed  significantly  to  the  increase  in  poisonings  overall.  This  chapter  provides  a  broad  overview  of  the  nature  and  burden  of  fatal  and  nonfatal  poisonings  and  in  addition  to  drug  poisonings  includes  nondrug  poisonings  such  as  ingestion  or  exposure  to  household  substances.  Poisonings  related  to  environmental  factors  such  as  lead,  pesticides,  and  carbon  monoxide  are  included  within  morbidity  and  mortality  statistics,  but  are  more  closely  associated  with  environmental  health  topics  and  risk  factors  and  prevention  strategies  will  not  be  discussed  further  in  this  chapter.  The  primary  focus  is  on  poisoning  in  the  United  States;  however,  some  sections  highlight  where  data  from  other  countries  are  important  to  understanding  effectiveness  of  interventions  and  the  public  health  problem  in  a  global  perspective.  The  majority  of  poisonings  are  unintentional  and  preventable.  Intentional  poisonings  are  covered  briefly  in  this  chapter,  specifically  demographics,  type  of  poisonings,  and  poisoning-specific  prevention  strategies,  but  for  more  information  the  reader  is  referred  to  Holland  et  al.,  in  this  textbook.  Outlined  in  Chapter  175:  The  Epidemiology  and  Prevention  of  Self-Directed  Violence  are  risk  and  protective  factors  separated  by  age  group,  in  particular  children  compared  to  adolescents  and  adults.  For  example,  parental  characteristics  such  as  younger  maternal  age,  less  supervision,  single  parent  status,  and  a  greater  number  of  children  in  the  household  have  been  associated  with  increased  risk  for  unintentional  poisoning  in  children.  Interventions  specific  to  removing  household  risks,  including  safe  storage  of  medications  and  household  cleaning  supplies,  as  well  as  parental  education  and  training  can  reduce  these  poisonings.  In  comparison,  unintentional  poisonings  in  adults  are  largely  due  to  drug  overdoses.  Interventions  for  drug  overdoses,  in  particular  opioid  overdoses,  include  safe  prescribing  to  prevent  people  from  opioid  use  disorder,  using  lowest  effective  dosages  of  medication,  minimizing  drug  interactions,  and  increasing  access  to  naloxone.  More  recently,  interventions  have  been  focused  on  addressing  the  problem  of  illicit  opioids,  such  as  heroin  and  illicitly  manufactured  fentanyl.  By  focusing  on  intent,  age  group,  and  type  of  substance  involved  in  the  poisoning,  implementing  evidence-based  interventions  for  poisonings  can  decrease  burden.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182670014
ER  -