TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcal) Disease
A1  - Farley, Monica M.
A2  - Boulton, Matthew L.
A2  - Wallace, Robert B.
PY  - 2022
T2  - Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e
AB  - Streptococcus  agalactiae,  or  Group  B  Streptococcus  (GBS),  was  first  identified  as  a  pathogen  in  cattle,  associated  with  bovine  mastitis.1,2  Widespread  recognition  of  GBS  as  a  significant  human  pathogen  occurred  in  the  1960s–1970s,  when  it  emerged  as  the  most  common  cause  of  neonatal  sepsis  and  an  important  cause  of  bacterial  meningitis  in  infants  less  than  3  months  of  age  in  the  United  States.3–5  It  was  later  shown  that  maternal  colonization  with  GBS  in  the  genital  or  gastrointestinal  track  represented  the  most  important  risk  factor  for  early-onset  (between  0  and  6  days  of  life)  GBS  disease  in  the  newborn6,7  and  that  administration  of  intrapartum  antibiotics  to  colonized  women  could  prevent  most  cases  of  early-onset  neonatal  GBS  infections.8,9  Consensus  guidelines  for  the  prevention  of  neonatal  GBS  disease,  developed  through  collaboration  between  public  health,  academic  investigators,  and  professional  organizations  including  obstetricians  and  pediatricians,  with  the  strong  support  of  parent  advocacy  groups,  were  first  published  in  1996.10–12  These  guidelines,  revised  in  2002  to  include  universal  screening  of  pregnant  women  for  GBS  colonization,  resulted  in  dramatic  declines  in  early-onset  GBS  disease  in  the  United  States.13  However,  early-onset  cases  still  occur  and  rates  of  late-onset  GBS  disease  (between  7  and  89  days  of  life)  have  not  declined  despite  relatively  high  uptake  and  implementation  of  the  guidelines.14  At  least  ten  capsular  serotypes  have  been  described;  serotypes  Ia,  Ib,  II,  III,  IV,  and  V  are  the  most  common  in  the  United  States.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182668277
ER  -