TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Leishmaniasis
A1  - Valadares, Diogo G.
A1  - Kwakye-Nuako, Godwin
A1  - Wilson, Mary E.
A2  - Boulton, Matthew L.
A2  - Wallace, Robert B.
PY  - 2022
T2  - Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e
AB  - Leishmaniasis  refers  to  a  constellation  of  clinical  syndromes  caused  by  protozoa  belonging  to  the  genus  Leishmania.  Autocthonous  acquisition  of  these  diseases  by  humans  occurs  in  more  than  90  countries  of  the  world,  located  in  all  continents  except  Antarctica.1  The  distribution  of  these  diseases  is  determined  largely  by  the  distribution  of  the  different  species  of  Leishmania.  Remarkably  and  despite  their  highly  similar  genomes,  the  different  species  display  quite  unique  biological  characteristics  leading  to  differences  in  localization,  predilection  for  dissemination,  and  pathogenicity  for  human  and  other  vertebrate  hosts.  The  incidence  of  cutaneous  leishmaniasis  (CL),  the  most  common  form  of  disease,  ranges  from  0.7  to  1.2  million  new  cases  per  year.  Visceral  leishmaniasis  (VL),  the  second  most  common  form,  has  been  estimated  up  to  400,000  cases  annually  but  recently  may  have  dropped  below  100,000  per  year.2  However,  these  estimates  may  be  highly  inaccurate.  As  an  illustration,  the  actual  incidence  of  VL  in  14  villages  in  an  endemic  area  of  Bihar,  India  (population  26,444)  according  to  a  household  survey  was  8.13-fold  higher  than  records  of  reporting  agencies  in  the  same  3-year  period  of  time.3  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182666556
ER  -