TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Diphtheria
A1  - Acosta, Anna M.
A1  - Tiwari, Tejpratap S. P.
A2  - Boulton, Matthew L.
A2  - Wallace, Robert B.
PY  - 2022
T2  - Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e
AB  - At  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century,  respiratory  diphtheria  was  a  major  cause  of  childhood  disease  and  death  worldwide,  but  widespread  use  of  safe  and  efficacious  diphtheria  toxoid-containing  vaccines  (DTCV)  in  industrialized  nations  starting  in  the  1940s  reduced  disease  incidence  significantly  by  the  1980s.  However,  diphtheria  re-emerged  as  a  public  health  threat  in  the  1990s,  when  a  massive  diphtheria  epidemic  occurred  in  the  newly  independent  states  of  the  former  Soviet  Union,  with  over  157,000  cases  and  5000  deaths  reported.1  Since  2010,  multiple  large  diphtheria  outbreaks  been  reported  globally,  including  in  Indonesia,2  Laos,3  Thailand,4  Haiti,5  Venezuela,5  South  Africa,6  India,7  Bangladesh,8  and  Yemen.9  Recent  outbreaks  illustrate  the  potential  for  this  vaccine-preventable  disease  to  spread  following  decades  of  successful  control,  particularly  in  countries  with  economic  decline  and  civil  unrest,  population  displacement,  and  collapse  of  public  health  infrastructure  accompanied  by  decreased  delivery  of  childhood  vaccination  programs.  In  addition  to  causing  outbreaks,  diphtheria  is  endemic  in  under-  and  un-vaccinated  populations  and  in  countries  where  childhood  DTCV  coverage  is  persistently  below  80%.10,11  Maintaining  high  levels  of  vaccination  in  both  children  and  adults  is  critical  to  provide  both  individual  protection  and  population  immunity.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182675689
ER  -