TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - BROMIDES
A1  - Gugelmann, Hallam
A2  - Olson, Kent R.
A2  - Anderson, Ilene B.
A2  - Benowitz, Neal L.
A2  - Blanc, Paul D.
A2  - Clark, Richard F.
A2  - Kearney, Thomas E.
A2  - Kim-Katz, Susan Y.
A2  - Wu, Alan H. B.
PY  - 2018
T2  - Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 7e
AB  - Compounds  containing  bromide  ions—including  potassium-,  sodium-,  and  ammonium  bromide—were  once  used  as  sedatives  and  anticonvulsants,  and  were  a  major  ingredient  in  over-the-counter  products  (eg,  Bromo-Seltzer,  Dr.  Miles'  Nervine)  until  1975.  Bromides  are  still  used  to  treat  epilepsy  in  dogs.  Bromism  (chronic  bromide  intoxication)  was  once  common;  10%  of  patients  admitted  to  psychiatric  hospitals  once  had  measurable  bromide  levels.  Bromism  is  now  rare,  but  cases  continue  to  be  reported  worldwide  owing  to  bromide-based  medications.  Recent  examples  include:  Cordial  de  Monell,  a  teething/colic  medication  recalled  because  of  infant  bromism  (United  States);  pipobroman/Vercyte/Amedel,  an  alkylating  agent  used  for  polycythemia  vera  (UK);  and  bromovalerylurea/bromisoval,  used  as  an  analgesic  (Taiwan);  several  of  the  aforementioned  preparations  are  still  available  for  purchase  online  or  in  certain  countries.  In  2007,  table  salt  contamination  led  to  the  greatest  recorded  outbreak  of  bromide  poisoning,  with  467  officially  recognized  cases  (Angola).  Bromide  is  still  found  in  photographic  chemicals,  in  some  well  water,  in  bromide-containing  hydrocarbons  (eg,  methyl  bromide,  ethylene  dibromide,  halothane),  and  in  some  soft  drinks  containing  brominated  vegetable  oil.  Foods  fumigated  with  methyl  bromide  may  contain  some  residual  bromide,  but  the  amounts  are  too  small  to  cause  bromide  toxicity.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179990884
ER  -